Beneficiating mineral oils



Patented Nov. 19, 1946 BENEFIOIATING MINERAL OILS Everett 0. Hughes, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, assignor to The Standard Oil Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio No Drawing.

Application January 13, 194i,

Serial No. 374,203 11 Claims. (01. 2:52-40:15

Mineral oils while having certain fundamental properties fitting them for important industrial usages, have also certain limitations which prevent desirably extended utility in various directions. In an effort to help out some of the deficiencies, addition agents of different character have been suggested and used to some extent. VlThile some of these have utility, a particular difflculty has been that an agent which aifords some improvement in one property of the oil is unable to give away assistance in other respects, and in practice it has been necessary to employ several addition agents for respectively different effects desired. In accordance with the present invention, however, an agent may be had to perform several heneflciating functions simultaneously in combination with mineral oils.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described. and particularly pointed out in the claims, the following description setting forth in detail certain illustrative embodiments of the invention, these being indicative however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principle of the invention may be employed.

The invention will be readily understood by reference to an example of its practice: Oil from the shells of cashew nuts, preferably the distillate grade, although the crude oil may be employed if desired, is heated with about 20 per cent by weight of phosphorus pentasulphide for an hour at 350 F. The product is settled or centrifuged, and is incorporated in amount of 0.5 per cent in a mineral oil such as a S. A. E. 20 petroleum lubricating oil of Mid-Continent stock. This oil, tested y the accelerated test method involving exposure a temperature of 310 F. and metal surfaces, air

ing blown through the oil at the rate of 30 ll rs per hour for 65 hours, showed a viscosity increase of 102',sec. Saybolt Universal at 100 F., naphtha insolubles 0.4 per cent, lacquer formation 15.5, and appearance rating H. In contrast, the oil without the addition agent, subjected to the same test, showed viscosity increase 362 sec. Saybolt Universal at 100 F naphtha insolubles 4.1 per cent, lacquer formation 87.4 mg., and appearance rating minus.

This composition also has pour-point depressing action and v.1. improving action The higher the state of polymerization which takes place in the forming of the product, the more pronounced are these properties, and the total properties of the product may thus be gauged as closely as desired, the degree of polymerization being controlled by the temperature of reaction, the per cent of phosphorus sulphide employed, etc. Polymerization may be effected also by alkyl sulphates or aldehydes, or both, if desired.

The cashew nut shell oil is particularly advantageou as starting material. Chemically it is a phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chain, which is known as cardanol, Other phenols having unsaturated aliphatic side chains may be employed in some cases. Temperatures of reaction may be 200-450 F., preferably around 350 F., and the time of reaction may be up to six hours, preferably about one hour. As aboveindicated, the amount of phosphorus sulphide or the like may vary. such as up to 40 per cent, depending upon the extent of properties desired in the product. The nut shell oil or the like may be diluted with mineral oil or other solvent before reacting with the phosphorus sulphide or the like. The product is ultimately desirably settled or centrifuged, and where preferred a final acid or clay treatment or both may be applied.

As a further refinement of the invention, the cashew nut oil or the like is chlorinated more or less extensively as desired, before being subjected to the polymerizing action or the treatment with a phosphorus sulphide, as described heretofore.

The mineral oil treated with the addition prod uct may be of character desired, for instance a mineral oil of 45 to 200 sec. Saybolt Universal at 210" F. And, the amount of the addition agent employed may be for instance 0.1-10 per cent. The present products are not only compatible with organic inhibitors, such as hydrof-uramide.

tetramethyl diamino diphenyl methane. etc. but

with particular advantage may be associated therewith.

The reaction product of cashew nut oil, and polymerization and chlorinated derivatives thereof with a phosphorus sulfide is to be distinguished from a sulfurization reaction with elemental sulfur or a sulfurlzing agent capable of yielding elemental sulfur under the conditions of the reaction, and the latter reaction is not included within the invention.

Other modes of applying the principle of the invention may be employed, change being made as regards the details described, provided the features stated in any of the following claims, or the equivalent of such, be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention:

\l. A mineral oil beneflciated with a small amount of the reaction product of c'ashew'nut shell oil and phosphorus pentasulphide.

2. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and a, phenol'.containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chainiof the kind occurring in cashew nut shell oil.. I

3. A mineral oil beneficiating component comprising the reaction product of phosphorus sulphlde and cashew nut shell oil.

4. A mineral oil beneflgiated with a small amount of a phosphorus pjentasulphide reacted phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side 4 cashew nut shell oil and phosphorus pentasulphide.

8. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of a phosphorus sulphide and chlorinated cashew nut shell oil.

9. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of phosphorus pe'ntasulphide and a chlorinated phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chain of the kind occurring in cashew nut shell oil.

10. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil and a small amount of the reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a chlorinated phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chain.

11. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil and a small quantity of, an oil-soluble reaction product of cardanol and a phosphorus sulfide,

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,411,1e0Q

EVERETT c. HUGHES Novemberlil, 1946.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the rinted specification oi the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

olumn 4, line 14, claim 10, after the word chain" and before the period insert of the kind occurring in cashew nut shell ml; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that. the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 4th day of February, A. D. 1947.

LESLIE FRAZER,

First Ambient flommiefimfi of PM.

2. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of phosphorus pentasulphide and a, phenol'.containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chainiof the kind occurring in cashew nut shell oil.. I

3. A mineral oil beneficiating component comprising the reaction product of phosphorus sulphlde and cashew nut shell oil.

4. A mineral oil beneflgiated with a small amount of a phosphorus pjentasulphide reacted phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side 4 cashew nut shell oil and phosphorus pentasulphide.

8. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of a phosphorus sulphide and chlorinated cashew nut shell oil.

9. A mineral oil beneficiated with a small amount of the reaction product of phosphorus pe'ntasulphide and a chlorinated phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chain of the kind occurring in cashew nut shell oil.

10. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil and a small amount of the reaction product of a phosphorus sulfide and a chlorinated phenol containing an unsaturated aliphatic side chain.

11. A lubricant comprising a hydrocarbon oil and a small quantity of, an oil-soluble reaction product of cardanol and a phosphorus sulfide,

Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,411,1e0Q

EVERETT c. HUGHES Novemberlil, 1946.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the rinted specification oi the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

olumn 4, line 14, claim 10, after the word chain" and before the period insert of the kind occurring in cashew nut shell ml; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that. the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice.

Signed and sealed this 4th day of February, A. D. 1947.

LESLIE FRAZER,

First Ambient flommiefimfi of PM. 

